A new study published in Current Drug Targets evaluated the role of rifaximin in the prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). This study entailed a computerized literature search for relevant clinical trials during August 2017, relating data on Frequency of SBP, the success rate of prevention of SBP, mortality rate, hepatorenal syndrome, septic shock, hepatic encephalopathy, and GIT bleeding in a meta-analysis model. Overall, six studies involving 973 patients were selected in the final analysis. The findings showed that the rifaximin plus norfloxacin group had less incidence of SBP and hepatic encephalopathy than the norfloxacin-based regimen group. Additionally, there was no significant difference between rifaximin and norfloxacin in terms of frequency of SBP and success rate of primary prevention of SBP. Thus, it was inferred that rifaximin is a promising drug and a good alternative to norfloxacin in the prevention of SBP.